Cholera outbreaks around the world are becoming increasingly lethal, with fatalities surging significantly, according to a new analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO). While the diarrheal disease is relatively easy to prevent and treat, massive outbreaks have overwhelmed even well-equipped health systems in countries that had not faced the disease in years.
In 2023, the global cholera death toll jumped by 71% compared to the previous year, while the number of reported cases increased by only 13%, as revealed in the WHO report. The rise in deaths has been largely driven by conflict and climate change, both of which have exacerbated the spread of the disease.
Cholera, which primarily affects populations without access to clean water, remains a neglected global health issue. Despite official reports of over 4,000 deaths in 2023, WHO estimates suggest the actual death toll could be as high as 100,000. Without timely treatment, such as oral rehydration salts or intravenous fluids, cholera can lead to death from dehydration in as little as 24 hours.
The number of countries affected by cholera rose to 45 in 2023, with Africa experiencing a staggering 125% increase in cases compared to the previous year. The disease, caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacteria, spreads quickly through contaminated water and can result in severe diarrhea and vomiting.
In India, poor sanitation and hygiene remain significant factors contributing to cholera outbreaks. Flooding during the monsoon season exacerbates the risk of cholera, particularly in densely populated urban slums and rural areas with inadequate sanitation infrastructure. “Widespread flooding during the monsoon can contaminate water supplies and increase the risk of cholera,” explained Dr. Vibhu Kawatra, a pediatrician.